Kusoloko kubhekiselwa kuzo kwishishini njengefayibha{0}}eyomeleziweyo yesamente iiyunithi okanye iibhodi zesamente ezixhasayo, ezi mveliso luhlobo lwakudala lwe substrate eqinileyo ngaphakathi kudidi lwebhodi exhasa iithayile. Owona msebenzi wabo uphambili kukubonelela ngomphezulu ozinzileyo, obolileyo{2}}oxhathisayo kwiqhina lokuncamathelisa iithayile, esebenza njengokutshintsha kwamanzi{3}}esichengeni iisubstrates zemveli ezifana nebhodi yegypsum okanye iipaneli ezenziwe ngomthi{4}}. Ngelixa iiphaneli zomthi ziqhelene nokubunjwa kunye nokudumba xa zibekwe emanzini, kwaye iibhodi zegypsum eziqhelekileyo ziphelelwa ngamandla ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ezifumileyo, iibhodi zesamente{6}ezisekelwe kwi-backer board zenziwe ikakhulu ngesamente kunye ne-inorganic fiber reinforcements. Aziboli kwaye zigcine uzinzo lwesakhiwo naphantsi kweemeko ezimanzi.
Ezi bhodi zenziwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo equka{0}}uxinzelelo oluphezulu lokubumba kunye nokunyanga, ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ebandakanya ubukhulu becala yesamente yasePortland, iaggregates yequartz, kunye nealkali{1}}iintsinga ezixhathisayo. Iifiber zenza isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-mesh esomeleza amandla e-flexural kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka. Kuba i-inorganic ngokupheleleyo, imathiriyeli{4}}ayikwazi ukutsha kwaye ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo. Ikwangamanzi{6}} kwaye{7}}iyaxhathisa; ifumana utshintsho oluncinci lwe-dimensional kwimo engqongileyo efumileyo kwaye inqanda imingcipheko ye-deformation ehambelana nokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokucutha okufumaneka kwiibhodi ze-organic foam. Oku kuqina kuyenza ilungele ukufakela{9}}iithayile zefomati enkulu, iithayile ezishinyeneyo, kunye nelitye lendalo, njengoko inokuxhasa ubunzima bokugqiba{10}}esona sizathu siphambili sokuba ilukhetho olukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugquma amatye.
Ibhodi inomphezulu owenziwe ngesamente oqinisekisa umanyano olomeleleyo olunamathelisa iithayile, ukuthintela iithayile ekubeni zityibilike ngexesha elicekethekileyo{0}}lofakelo lofakelo. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo kwimarike buvela kwi-6mm ukuya kwi-16mm. -Iibhodi zokufomatha ezinkulu ziyafumaneka njengesitokhwe esisemgangathweni, kodwa zinokusikwa kwaye ziqwalaselwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi, zizenze zilungele izicelo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokugqitywa komphetho wodonga, ukuvalelwa kwemibhobho, kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-niches ezihlaziyiweyo. Kwi{7}}ukusetyenzwa kwesiza kuqondile; izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zedayimani zokusika zanele, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zilula kubafaki ukusingatha. Iibhodi zikhuselekile ngokusebenzisa{9}}izikrufu zokucofa, zincamathele ngokuqinileyo isubstrate kwifreyim yodonga okanye ilitye eliqinileyo; Amalungu atywinwe ngeteyiphu edibeneyo edibeneyo kunye nodaka olungangeni manzi ukwenza inkqubo yesiseko epheleleyo.
Izicelo zisusela kulungiso lweendawo zokuhlala ukuya kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu-zentengiso. Kwiindawo zokuhlala, zifanelekile iindawo ezifuna iithayile, ezifana neendawo zokuhlambela, iindawo ezivaliweyo zeshawa, iikhikhithi kunye neebhalkhoni. Usetyenziso lwezorhwebo lubandakanya amagumbi okuhlambela ehotele, izibonelelo zeshawa zikawonke-wonke, iindawo ezijikeleze amadama, iindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ukugquma kwamatye kwiindawo zokuthenga, kunye nokugqiba kodonga lwangaphandle. Iikontraka ezininzi zaphesheya nazo zizisebenzisela izixhobo zokuxhoma iipads kunye ne-ventilation duct encasement, enikezela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo ngaphaya kokuxhaswa kweethayile ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iibhodi zesamente ezisekelwe kwi-tile aziboneleli nge-thermal insulation kwaye zinzima kakhulu; ngoko ke, iindleko zabasebenzi zokuphatha kunye nofakelo ziphezulu kunezo zebhodi{6}engundoqo ezidityanisiweyo ezixhasayo. Ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.
Abathengi bahlala bethelekisa le mveliso kunye ne-XPS foam-engundoqo iibhodi ezixhasayo. Umahluko ophambili ngo: ugwebu-iibhodi ezingundoqo zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zibonelela ngokugqunyelelwa ngokwendalo kwe-thermal, zizenza zilungele iindawo ezimanzi apho ukwahlukaniswa kuyafuneka; iibhodi zesamente {{3}ezisekelwe kwi-backer board zibonelela ngobungqongqo obuphezulu kunye{4}}nomthamo wokuthwala, kunye noncedo lokumelana nomlilo{5}}lwezinto ezingaphiliyo, zizenza zilungele iithayile ezinzima, ukugquma kwamatye, kunye neeprojekthi ezinemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko emlilweni. Kananjalo akakho wongamileyo ngokwemvelo; ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiimeko zeprojekthi. Iikontraka ezininzi zaphesheya kweelwandle zisebenzisa zombini iindidi zeebhodi ngaphakathi kweprojekthi enye-}isamente -ibhodi esekwe kwibhodi yomthwalo{10}}indawo ezithwele iithayile kunye nogwebu{11}iibhodi ezisemva ezingundoqo kwindawo ezifuna ukugqunywa kwe-thermal.
Ngokuphathelele unikezelo, iinkcukacha ezisemgangathweni zigcinwa kwisitokhwe ngamaxesha okuhanjiswa athembekileyo. Iinkonzo zokusika kunye nokucubungula i-OEM ziyafumaneka, kwaye ukuxinana kwebhodi kunye nobukhulu bungenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiinkcukacha zabaxhasi. Iimveliso zinokubonelelwa ngeziqinisekiso ezifana ne-CE kunye ne-UKCA, ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokungena kwimarike yezinto zokwakha eYurophu nase-US. Ukuhlolwa okungaqhelekanga kuqhutywa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunyameka kwebhodi, ukunyamezela kobunzima, kunye namandla okuguquguquka. Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo ngexesha lonikezelo olukhulu-, uququzelelo oluqhubekayo{5}}kwisiza sofakelo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwakhona okubangelwa yimiba yomgangatho wemathiriyeli.
Abaqulunqi abaninzi kunye nabaphathi beeprojekthi bajonga ukubaluleka kwebhodi ye-substrate, kaninzi becinga ukuba iileyili zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokuba udonga lubekwe kwinqanaba. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo oluninzi lweeprojekthi lubonisa ukuba i-detachment elandelayo yeethayile zokugqiba ngokuyintloko ibangelwa kukungonelanga kwamandla e-substrate okanye ukuguqulwa ngenxa yokufuma. Isamente -ibhodi zesubstrate esekwe zisebenzisa isamente engaphiliyo{3}}isakhiwo sefayibha ukwenza isiseko esomeleleyo, esizinzileyo sokufakela iithayile, ngaloo ndlela kususwa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kokugqiba okuyanyaniswa nokubola okanye ukulwa. Nokuba yeyokulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlala okanye{5}}iiprojekthi ezinkulu zokuthengisa iithayile{6}}ezifana nezo zisehotele okanye kudederhu lweevenkile{7}}esi sisombululo sibonelela ngokhetho oluthembekileyo noluthembekileyo. Nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, uvavanyo lwesampulu, okanye iikowuteshini ezininzi zeprojekthi.
IsiXhosa saseMzantsi Afrika
