Njengoko imigangatho yokuthotyelwa kwemveliso yehlabathi iqhubeka nokuphucuka, ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kuye kwaba yimfuneko engundoqo yokungena kwiinxalenye zoshishino kurhwebo lwangaphandle, ayiseyiyo nje indawo yokuthengisa eyongezelelweyo. Xa ukhetha amacandelo axhasayo, abathengi baphesheya kolwandle, ukongeza ekusebenzeni okusisiseko njengokungangeni kwamanzi, uzinzo lwesakhiwo, kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho, banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kukhuseleko lwezinto ezibonakalayo, amanqanaba okhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye{1}}nokuqina kwexesha elide. Oku kukwabalulekile ekukhutshweni ngokutyibilikayo kwezixhobo ezipheleleyo kunye nobukho obuzinzileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Njengenxalenye yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi oluyimfuneko lwezixhobo ze-electromechanical, oomatshini bokwakha, kunye neenkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi okusingqongileyo, umgangatho weelinen zokungena manzi umisela ngokuthe ngqo ukutywinwa kunye nesiphumo sokukhusela kunye nenqanaba lokuthotyelwa kwezixhobo. Owethu{5}}oziphuhlisileyo kunye{6}}esiveliswe ngokusingqongileyo iilitha ezingangeni manzi zidibanisa{7}}amandla okhuseleko lwamashishini kunye neempawu zokhuseleko eziluhlaza, ziqhelana ngokugqibeleleyo{8}}neemeko zesicelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nezixhobo zokuthumela ngaphandle, amagumbi acocekileyo, kunye{9}}nezixhobo eziphezulu zemizi-mveliso.
Le mveliso ikwabizwa ngokuqhelekileyo kushishino njengokufuma -ubungqina belinen, i-seepage{1}}bubungqina be-lining yangaphakathi, kunye nepleyiti yokutywina yokuvala. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimeko ezinzima zokusebenza ezifana nokwahlula umaleko wangaphakathi wesixhobo, uthintelo lokuphuma kwamanzi kwi-interlayer{3}nobungqina bokutywinwa. Abathengi abaninzi bathambekele ekujongeni ixabiso lokusingqongileyo kwi-lining, bekholelwa ukuba ukusebenza kokukhusela okusisiseko kwanele. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweelitha ezisezantsi{6}}ezixabiso liphantsi kwimarike zenziwe ngezinto ezilahlwayo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezongezo eziyingozi ezongeziweyo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa. Ezi azinakusebenza kakuhle kokungangenwa kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela ukuntywila kwamanzi, kodwa zikwavelisa ivumba, izinto eziyingozi ezivuzayo, kwaye zifumana iingxaki ezinje ngomgubo, ukuxobuka, kunye noguquko xa zisetyenziswa kwindawo evalelweyo, efumileyo, kunye{8}}nobushushu obuphezulu kangangexesha elide. Oku kubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini ngaphakathi kwesixhobo, okwenza ukuba singakwazi ukudlula uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwaseYurophu naseMelika, oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqinisekiswa kokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neziqinisekiso zokufikelela kwimarike kuwo wonke umatshini.
Silawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho ukusuka kumthombo wemathiriyeli ekrwada. Le liner ekwaziyo ukumelana nokusingqongileyo isebenzisa ibhrendi-entsha ephezulu{2}}enoxinano oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo, ngaphandle kokufaka izihluzi ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye iiplastiki eziyingozi. Izinto eziphathekayo zicocekile kwaye zizinzile, ngokwenene aziphumeleli ukuvumba, i-zero volatility, kwaye akukho tyhefu. Naphantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima zokufuma okuphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaqondo obushushu, kunye nokubekwa kwe-static evaliweyo, imveliso ayisayi kuguga, ibe ngumgubo, iqhekeke, okanye ikhubazeke, kwaye akusayi kubakho kukhutshwa kungcoliseko. Ayiyi konakalisa iinxalenye zezixhobo, indawo yokusebenza, okanye impilo yabaqhubi, ukusombulula ngokupheleleyo iindawo zentlungu zeshishini leentambo zemveli zingenabuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye zithambekele ekungcoleni, kwaye zihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokugqibela -zokuveliswa kwemveliso eluhlaza.
Ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko olungundoqo, imveliso ihlangabezana neemfuneko zomgangatho ophezulu-zeshishini{1}}eziphezulu. I-substrate inesakhiwo esixineneyo kunye nesifanayo, esingenazo iipores ezikhululekile, kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi kakhulu, ukubonelela ngokugqwesileyo kwamanzi, ukutshatyalaliswa kothuli, ukuxhathisa ukufuma, kunye nokuthintela ukuxinana. Ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo amanzi emvula, i-condensate, kunye nokufuma okungqongileyo ekungeneni kwindawo yesixhobo, ukuthintela iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngentsimbi, ukufuma kwesekethe, ukuxinana kwezixhobo, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle. Kwangaxeshanye, imathiriyeli ibonisa ukomelela okugqwesileyo, ukumelana noxinzelelo, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuguga, iyenza ikwazi ukumelana neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima ezifana{5}}nexesha elide{6}}lokusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuvezwa ngaphandle, kunye nokuba kufutshane namanzi kunye nokufuma. Isakhiwo sayo esisisigxina kunye nesizinzileyo sibonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kokutywinwa kwezixhobo.
Inkqubo yemveliso isebenzisa uhlaza, inkqubo edityanisiweyo yokubumba ephantsi-ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo, kungashiyi ntsalela engcolisayo kwaye ithobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho yemveliso yohlaza yamazwe ngamazwe. Imveliso egqityiweyo idlula ngeendlela ezininzi ezichanekileyo zokusila kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanjululwa, ezikhokelela kwindawo egudileyo, ethe tyaba, ubukhulu obufanayo, kunye nemiphetho ecocekileyo, ukuphelisa iziphene eziqhelekileyo kwiibhodi eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-warping, ubukhulu obungalinganiyo, kunye ne-burrs. Imveliso inezinga eliphezulu lokufaneleka kwaye inokuvala ngokufanelekileyo izithuba kwindibano yezixhobo, ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukungena kokufuma, uthuli, kunye nokungcola. Oku kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kokutywinwa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo, ukulinganisa ukhuseleko oluzinzileyo kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo eziphezulu{5}}ezinje ngemigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo ecocekileyo, ugcino lwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokhuselo lokusingqongileyo, izixhobo zonyango, kunye nezixhobo zombane zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngokubanzi, le liner ekhusela amanzi ijongana neziphene zezixhobo zemveli ezibeka phambili ukusebenza ngaphezu kobuhlobo bendalo. Yinto eluhlaza kunye neyimfuneko ekhuselayo efanelekileyo kwimarike yangoku yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngeengenelo zayo zokhuseleko kunye{2}}nobutyhefu, ukunganyameki okugqwesileyo, uzinzo oluphezulu, kunye nokuthotyelwa okuqinileyo, inceda ngokufanelekileyo umatshini wonke uphumelele iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo zamazwe ngamazwe. Kudala sizibandakanya nzulu kwinkalo yezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo nendalo, sineenkqubo zokuvelisa eziqolileyo kunye nenkqubo ebanzi yolawulo lomgangatho. Iimveliso zethu zihlala zihlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho wehlabathi, zisenza ukhetho oluthembekileyo lokuthengwa kwempahla ephezulu{5}}, inkxaso yobunjineli obuluhlaza, kunye{6}}nentsebenziswano enkulu yexesha elide ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
